Ceramics International: Expanding the scope of multiphase-flash sintering: Multi-dogbone configurations and reactive processes

 

Ceramics International

Volume 50, Issue 14, 15 July 2024, Pages 25210-25215

 

 

Expanding the scope of multiphase-flash sintering: Multi-dogbone configurations and reactive processes

A.F. Manchón-Gordón a
, S. Molina-Molina a, A. Perejón a b, A. Alcalde-Conejo a, P.E. Sánchez-Jiménez a b, L.A. Pérez-Maqueda a

a
    Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, ICMSE CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, C. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla, 41092, Spain

b
    Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain

Received 1 March 2024, Revised 5 April 2024, Accepted 19 April 2024, Available online 20 April 2024, Version of Record 3 June 2024.

 

Abstract

In this work, we have expanded the possibilities of the multiphase-flash sintering (MPFS) technique by investigating several configurations that involve multiple dogbone specimens (ranging from 1 to 3) and multiple phases (also ranging from 1 to 3). Unlike the traditional MPFS approach using complex 3D or cylindrical samples, this new method allows for a direct comparison with the established conventional flash sintering technique. Our experimental results with dense 8-mol% Yttria-stabilized zirconia demonstrate a significant reduction in the onset temperature as the number of phases and dogbones increases. Building on these findings, we achieved the preparation of pure bulk specimens of SrFe₁₂O₁₉ for the first time through reactive multiphase-flash sintering.

 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027288422401647X

 

Vacuum: Investigation of intense pulsed ion beam generation by a magnetically insulated ion diode at a reduced impedance

 

Vacuum

Volume 217, November 2023, 112496

 

Investigation of intense pulsed ion beam generation by a magnetically insulated ion diode at a reduced impedance

Marat Kaikanov, Dosbol Nauruzbayev, Alshyn Abduvalov, Kanat Baigarin

    Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan

Received 22 March 2023, Revised 9 August 2023, Accepted 10 August 2023, Available online 11 August 2023, Version of Record 14 August 2023.

 

Abstract

The intense pulsed ion beam (IPIB) generation was investigated at reduced impedance of a magnetically insulated ion diode. The main goal of our research was to obtain IPIB with adjustable parameters at low current densities. The diode impedance was varied by the external magnetic field current by setting the delay of the accelerator's trigger relative to the launch of the magnetic field generator. The B-applied ion diode adjustably generated IPIB with a current density in the range from 25 to 4 A/cm². In the matched mode the accelerator generates the ion beam with a current density of about 100 A/cm². Obtained results of the IPIB current density adjustment allows to irradiate samples in a single vacuum cycle without the change of charging voltage of both magnetic field and accelerating voltage generators. Gold films with a thickness of 10 nm deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/glass substrates were irradiated to demonstrate the applicability of obtained IPIB for irradiation of thin coatings without their deterioration. Single shot of IPIB with current density of 20 A/cm² transformed Au film to spherical micro-particles, while after irradiation at the same fluence with 5 pulses of IPIB with current density of 4 A/cm² Au coating was preserved as a film.

 

 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042207X23006930

Ceramics International: Influence of the atmosphere on the formation of high-entropy oxides within the Co–Cu–Fe–Mg–Mn–Ni–O system via reactive flash sintering

 

Ceramics International

Volume 50, Issue 21, Part B, 1 November 2024, Pages 42276-42285

 

Influence of the atmosphere on the formation of high-entropy oxides within the Co–Cu–Fe–Mg–Mn–Ni–O system via reactive flash sintering

 A.F. Manchón-Gordón a, C. Lobo-Llamas a, S. Molina-Molina a, A. Perejón a b
, P.E. Sánchez-Jiménez a, L.A. Pérez-Maqueda a

a
    Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, ICMSE CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, C. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla, 41092, Spain

b
    Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41012, Spain

Received 8 May 2024, Revised 22 July 2024, Accepted 4 August 2024, Available online 5 August 2024, Version of Record 27 September 2024.

 

Abstract

In this study, the feasibility of preparing quinary equimolar high-entropy oxides within the Co–Cu–Fe–Mg–Mn–Ni–O system was explored using the reactive flash sintering (RFS) technique. Various compositions were tested using this technique under atmosphere pressure, leading to the formation of two primary phases: rock-salt and spinel. Conversely, a new high-entropy oxide was produced as a single-phase material with the composition (Co_0.2,Cu_0.2,Mg_0.2,Mn_0.2,Ni_0.2)O when RFS experiments were conducted in nitrogen atmosphere. The reducing conditions achieved in nitrogen enabled the incorporation of cations with oxidation states different from +2 into the rock-salt lattice, emphasizing the critical role of the processing atmosphere, whether inert or oxidizing, in the formation of high-entropy oxides. The electrical characterization of this material was obtained via impedance spectroscopy, exhibiting a homogeneous response attributed to electronic conduction with a temperature dependence characteristic of disordered systems.

 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272884224035028

ScienceAdvances: Electric plasma guided with ultrasonic fields

 

Electric plasma guided with ultrasonic fields

Josu Irisarri, Iñigo Ezcurdia, Naroa Iriarte, Marika Sirkka, Dmitry Nikolaev h, Joni Mäkinen, Alexander Martinez-Marchese, Denys Iablonskyi, Ari Salmi, and Asier Marzo

Science Advances

5 Feb 2025

Vol 11, Issue 6

 

Electric plasma forms sparks in midair that transfer electrical current. This current can power high-voltage electronics, kill bacteria, produce tactile sensations, or be used for welding. However, the formation of the spark is chaotic and hard to control. Laser pulses can guide discharges but require high power and are disruptive and cumbersome to control. Here, we show that ultrasonic fields can guide plasma sparks, even around obstacles. The ultrasonic beams can be directed dynamically and within milliseconds, enabling precise, nondangerous, and fast control of high-voltage sparks. This phenomenon can be used for applications in high-voltage switching and plasma treatments.

 

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adp0686

ScienceAdvances: 187Os nuclear resonance scattering to explore hyperfine interactions and lattice dynamics for biological applications

¹⁸⁷Os nuclear resonance scattering to explore hyperfine interactions and lattice dynamics for biological applications

Iryna Stepanenko, Zhishuo Huang , Liviu Ungur , Dimitrios Bessas, Aleksandr Chumakov, Ilya Sergueev, Gabriel E. Büchel, Abdullah A. Al-Kahtani, Liviu F. Chibotaru , Joshua Telser , and Vladimir B. Arion

Science Advances

7 Feb 2025

Vol 11, Issue 6

Abstract

Osmium complexes with osmium in different oxidation states (II, III, IV, and VI) have been reported to exhibit antiproliferative activity in cancer cell lines. Herein, we demonstrate unexplored opportunities offered by ¹⁸⁷Os nuclear forward scattering (NFS) and nuclear inelastic scattering (NIS) of synchrotron radiation for characterization of hyperfine interactions and lattice dynamics in a benchmark Os(VI) complex, K₂[OsO₂(OH)₄]. We determined the isomer shift [δ = 3.3(1) millimeters per second] relative to [Os^IVCl₆]²⁻ and quadrupole splitting [ΔE_Q = 12.0(2) millimeters per second] with NFS. We estimated the Lamb-Mössbauer factor [0.80(4)], extracted the density of phonon states, and carried out a thermodynamics characterization using the NIS data combined with first-principles calculations. Overall, we provide evidence that ¹⁸⁷Os nuclear resonance scattering is a reliable technique for the investigation of hyperfine interactions and Os-specific vibrations in osmium(VI) species and is thus applicable for such measurements in osmium complexes of other oxidation states, including those with anticancer activity such as Os(III) and Os(IV).

 

 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.ads3406

RASA-USA: Statement in Support of Professor Yulia Sineokaya

 

Statement in Support of Professor Yulia Sineokaya

by RASA · Published Jan 28, 2025 · Updated Jan 28, 2025

We express our unconditional support for Professor Yulia Sineokaya, a member of our association, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Philosophy, and Director of the Independent Institute of Philosophy, which was recently designated an “undesirable organization” in the Russian Federation.

The work of Yulia Sineokaya and her colleagues makes a significant contribution to preserving Russian philosophical thought and humanism in a global context. Their activities are rooted in the principles of free inquiry and intellectual integrity, which are fundamental to any academic tradition.

We stand in solidarity with Yulia Sineokaya and her colleagues in their commitment to advancing knowledge and fostering dialogue, even under challenging circumstances. We are confident that their efforts will continue to inspire and resonate both within Russia and beyond its borders.

The Board of Directors
Russian-American Science Association

 

https://rasa-usa.org/en/news/statement-support-professor-sineokaya/

Science: Compact, cheaper, laser-powered particle accelerators get real

 

• News
• Physics

Compact, cheaper, laser-powered particle accelerators get real

Little powerhouses might someday replace billion-dollar, kilometer-long behemoths at major x-ray facilities

• 27 Jan 2025
• 2:10 PM ET
• ByAdrian Cho

An elegant new concept may be about to revolutionize the technology of particle acceleration, which animates huge atom smashers and x-ray sources. For decades, some physicists have strived to develop an accelerator powered by laser light that would be much smaller and cheaper than existing machines. Recent progress suggests laser plasma accelerators (LPAs) may soon realize that bright promise.

read more:

https://www.science.org/content/article/compact-cheaper-laser-powered-particle-accelerators-get-real

Science: Banished from world’s biggest physics lab, Russian scientists look inward—and to China

• ScienceInsider
• European News

Banished from world’s biggest physics lab, Russian scientists look inward—and to China

Breakdown of collaboration with CERN forcing many physicists to reorient work

• 29 Jan 2025
• 2:10 PM ET
• ByScience News Staff

 In the dead of the Russian winter, many of the nation’s physicists are feeling a particular chill. Banished since late last year from Europe’s CERN, the world’s largest particle physics laboratory, and increasingly isolated by trade sanctions that have complicated purchases of scientific equipment, many Russian physicists are having to dramatically reorient their work—with some looking to China for collaboration.

read more:

https://www.science.org/content/article/banished-world-s-biggest-physics-lab-russian-scientists-look-inward-and-china

Leonid Rokhlin: Songs of humpback whales

 Interesting and informative text about humpback whales, Magadan and the Pacific Ocean (in Russian)

 

Леонид Рохлин: Песни горбатых китов

 https://7i.7iskusstv.com/2018-nomer12-lrohlin/

What will happen in year three of the war?

HUMAN CAPITAL OF RUSSIA: WHY IS IT DECREASING

Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor Igor Vladimirovich Lipsits in his new lecture on the human capital of the Federation. The lecture touches on the problems of education, demography and economics in the context of a “special military operation”. (in Russian)

https://youtu.be/QQENsUoCWXU?si=5jo4pVbWo-UfA1HH

On the invention of traditional beliefs

 In many Russian regions, the wrong course has been taken to revive national self-consciousness through "traditional religion." "Traditional religion" after 70 years of Bolshevik rule is a fake, in fact, people are starting to reinvent their own traditions and beliefs. In general, going into the religion of mysticism is a very harmful phenomenon for society. It will not give any advantages, on the contrary, it will lead to degradation. Only the development of sciences and technologies allows society to break ahead, but the philosophy of society should be closer to rationalism, maybe even more material, modern and positive. Society should be striving to discover something new. With the confrontation of societies, the more developed will try to keep the less developed in a backward worldview, in this case it retains its advantage. This is also facilitated by the "brain drain", because the archaic society does not accept the new and different, it is not tolerant. It squeezes its passionate representatives into a more tolerant developed society.

Russian view: The use of nuclear weapons can save humanity from a global catastrophe

Distinguished Professor (2022), Member of the Academic Council of the Higher School of Economics, threatens Western countries with nuclear war in his keynote article: Russian view: The use of nuclear weapons can save humanity from a global catastrophe. The Ukrainian post

Results for Russian science for the year of the special military operation

 

It is not surprising that we are talking about the future of the Russia

 

Panamorev and his supporters proceed from the fact that Russia can be made democratic simply by removing the current government. However, this is not a correct statement. United Russia will always be authoritarian, it simply cannot be otherwise.

So the question boils down to the following construction: which is better: one big authoritarian country or many small authoritarian countries?

À la guerre comme à la guerre…

In connection with the support of the military operation by the majority of the population of Russia, there is no sense for Ukraine to refrain from strikes on Russian territory.

State criminal organization

 The fact that Russia is adopting repressive laws that effectively prohibit discussion of the actions of the Russian army is very revealing and speaks of the great sensitivity of this topic. The crimes committed in the war in Ukraine haunt the Russian military. Probably, in case of defeat, sooner or later, the Russian army will be recognized as a criminal organization, along with the FSB. She will be condemned and banned.

Best defense is attack

It can be seen that the offensive potential of Russia still retains. If Ukraine sits only on the defensive, then success will be difficult.

deepstatemap.live

Swedish Stridsvagn 103 (Strv 103) S-Tank

The amazing Swedish tank strv-103 and the modernization of the profession of a radio operator

 

The appearance of the tank strv 103 (https://info.wikireading.ru/114688)

Sweden's main battle tank from 1966 to the 1990s was the STRV-103. According to many it was an amazing machine in its concept. It was a turretless tank with a main gun barrel fixed in the hull, with automatic supply of ammunition to the main gun. Aiming the gun at the target using the hull, that is, the driver was actually the gunner. Hence his second profession in this tank (http://historius.narod.ru/spravka/tank/tank-tm-19.htm). There are many articles on the Internet about the history of creation and about the design of the machine itself (see a far from complete list of links at the end of the article that I have collected on the Internet). I will not repeat all the design features here. I want to draw attention to how this concept can be used in modern conditions. Can this tank be upgraded to meet modern requirements? Let's try to consider this on the example of two problems.

Problem 1. Inability to shoot on the move.

It can be solved by replacing the main gun with a 120 mm smooth-bore gun-launcher, which can fire, in addition to conventional and sub-caliber projectiles, also guided missiles. In this case, it is possible to hit moving targets on the move, for example, using remote laser guidance.

 

Guidance of a guided projectile by a laser. Upgraded for Peru T-55 "Typhon" (screenshot from video 3:12 https://youtu.be/Vd-zqBYq4Ms)

But for this it is necessary to install an optical tracking system on the external turret on the tank.

Then the tank can fire a guided missile on the move, moving roughly in the direction of the target, and then the tank can change direction. The tracking system in this case leads the missile to the target. Such a guidance system is theoretically capable of also fighting low-flying enemy air targets at low speed.

Problem 2. The impossibility of fighting infantry with an armed RPG or ATGM. Difficulties in hitting lightly armored moving targets.

The lack of a rotating turret with an automatic cannon or grenade launcher is a big problem for countering infantry, lightly armored vehicles and helicopters. It can be solved by installing an uninhabited combat module on the roof of the tank. The armament of the module may consist of a 30-40 mm automatic cannon and a MANPADS/ATGM launcher. It can also install radar and optical tracking and guidance systems. Such uninhabited combat modules are currently offered by many weapons manufacturers. 

Rheinmetall universal combat module Skyranger 30 (https://en.topwar.ru/180771-boevoj-modul-protivovozdushnoj-oborony-rheinmetall-skyranger-30.html)

 

Robot Machine Gun Turret (https://singularityhub.com/2010/12/16/south-koreas-robot-machine-gun-turret-can-see-you-coming-3-km-away/)

 

Remote controlled weapon module KMW IWS-35 with 35 mm ATK Armament Systems Bushmaster III cannon, 12.7 mm machine gun and 40 mm WWS-40 launchers Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (via Jane's) (https://topwar.ru/35809-novyy-boevoy-modul-iws-35-ot-kmw.html)

In the case of using remotely detonated ammunition, an automatic cannon can replace an automatic grenade launcher to fight infantry that is in cover, for example, in a trench. A large elevation angle of the light automatic cannon will effectively counteract helicopters, UAVs and replace the machine gun used for these purposes, located on the commander's cupola.

Therefore, the installation of such a module seems now to be a necessary solution.

Moreover, the very idea of an automatic turret was incorporated into the concept of the strv-103 tank at the design stage. However, the technology of that time did not allow creating a reliable system.

 

Full-size layout of the Strv-S, 1960. In this form, the tank was later made in metal. A remote-controlled turret with a 20 mm automatic cannon is installed on the roof of the vehicle. (https://warspot.ru/7905-udivitelnyy-tank-strv-103)

This is reflected in the history of the development of the strv-103 tank, written in the article by Y. Pasholok "The amazing Strv-103 tank":

"...By the way, the S1 was the only tank from the Strv-S family to receive a turret with a 20mm "automatkanon m/45B" cannon. ... As for weapons, the tests of the turret with a 20-mm cannon did not work out. The ammunition load of only 40 rounds and insufficient pointing angles caused it to soon disappear from the Strv-S1 design ..." [5].

Thus, when developing a new tank based on the strv-103 or its deep modernization, taking into account new electronic components and their miniaturization, it is possible to return to the original concept of placing an uninhabited combat module on the roof of the vehicle, which is controlled remotely.

 

General view of Strv-103 in section. The driver and radio operator sit back to back in the fighting compartment to the left of the main gun [5].

The control of the combat module can be entrusted to a radio operator, whose place is located behind the driver's mechanic. Thus, he has a new profession: gunner of the combat module. He can also be a gunner of guided missiles launched from the main 120 mm gun, which, as described above, will have to be installed to replace the previous one.

When firing conventional or sub-caliber shells, the tank will still not be able to fire on the move. Therefore, when fighting enemy tanks, he will mainly have to act from an ambush, disguised or dug in. The hydraulic suspension of the tank allows you to change the pointing angles from -11 to +16 degrees (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stridsvagn_103#Variants), this allows limited use of the tank as artillery to fight the fortifications and manpower of the enemy.

What are the benefits of such an upgrade?

1. Price. For the price of 1 German Leopard-1 tank, the Swedish army could get 2 strv-103 tanks. The modern Leopard-2 tank is much more expensive, but the new tank, built according to the strv-103 concept, is expected to be cheaper even with the upgrade.

2. Such a machine seems to be more versatile than a classic tank, both in defense and on the offensive, as well as on the march. It combines the striking power of a classic tank and an armored support vehicle with an autonomous combat module.

a) On the offensive, it can be considered as an assault weapon to accompany mechanized infantry and suppress enemy fortified firing points and armored vehicles. It can also perform the task of covering from attacks by helicopters and attack aircraft (especially if there is a radar and MANPADS in the combat module).

b) In defense as anti-tank weapons, operating mainly from an ambush. And also as a means of air defense.

c) On the march to cover from enemy air attacks as part of an integrated network of mobile anti-aircraft weapons.

List of links on the topic of the tank strv-103

1. http://historius.narod.ru/spravka/tank/tank-tm-19.htm

2. http://armor.kiev.ua/Tanks/Modern/STRV/obtstrv.php?img=s_komp.gif.html

3. http://armor.kiev.ua/Tanks/Modern/STRV/s_komp.gif

4. https://svppbellum.blogspot.com/2020/03/lo-stridsvagn-103-o-strv-103-o-carro-s.html

5. https://warspot.ru/7905-udivitelnyy-tank-strv-103

6. https://www.pinterest.se/pin/467952217526163834/

7. https://hdpic.club/31194-strv-103b-39-foto.html

8. https://weapon.temadnya.com/2159404877792414540/bezbashennyj-tank-stridsvagn-103-ili-s-tank/

9. https://j-aircraftmodel.ru/military-vehicles-kits/trumpeter-00310-682411.html

10. https://modelist-konstruktor.com/bronekollekcziya/shvedskij-osnovnoj-boevoj-tank

11. https://www.super-hobby.ru/products/Sweden-Strv-103B-MBT.html

12. https://info.wikireading.ru/114688

13. http://www.alexfiles99.narod.ru/0001/STRV-103.htm

Modernization of the T-55 "Typhon" tank (the material shows the fundamental possibility of installing modern guns and equipment in obsolete tanks)

14. http://www.discasanave.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49:tanque-principal-de-combate&catid=35:modernizacion-de-carros-de-combate&Itemid=300011